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Les Quantifieurs
Les Quantifieurs
(p.43 + Chapitres du Dictionnaire Grammatical)
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All = totalité
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All + dénombrable ou indénombrable
Examples
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All the actors in Ocean's Eleven are famous.
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I've read all the book.
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He drank all the beer in the pub.
• ALL
All Ø + N / ALL THE + N
Ex : All Ø soldiers defend their country
All the soldiers in the camp were killed.
Expressions de durée :
All Ø night / All Ø morning
They're been playing outside all Ø day.
Dénombrable singulier :
I've read all the book = I've read the whole book.
Dénombrable pluriel :
All families were repesented ≠ Whole families were represented.
Toutes les familles Toutes les familles au complet
ALL seul ?
Elle a tout pris ≠ she took all → She took everything.
• EVERY = tous dans un ensemble
EVERY + nom / verbe au singulier
ex : Every brother starded a career as a singer.
Every singer worries about HIS/THEIR carrer. (« Their » si on ne sait pas s'il y a un « her »)
Expressions de fréquence :
ex : He plays tennis every Sunday. (singulier)
He goes to the cinema every two weeks. (pluriel !)
Attention à la distinction entre « everyone » et « every one »
• Everyone enjoyed the party. ≠ He is invited to a lot of parties and he goes to every one.
Tout le monde chacune
(we could say « to every party »)
• EVERY / EACH
Every brother started a career as a singer. → Tous les frères
Each brother starded a career as a singer. → Chaque frère
EACH = tous dans un ensemble, vus individuellement.
Each + dénombrable singulier
Each + OF + THE + dénombrable pluriel
ex : Each candidate / Each of the candidates is being interviewed.
→ Each candidates / Each of the candidate
• BOTH = totalité (deux éléments seulement)
BOTH + Dénombrable pluriel
BOTH (OF) + Déterminant + pluriel
ex : Both legs were broken in the accident
Both (of) his parents attended his graduation
The both cats. → JAMAIS The + both.
Both sisters went to Las Vegas (action identique)
Both sisters met in Las Vegas (action réciproque) → THE TWO sisters met in Las Vegas.
→ on ne peut utiliser both que s'il y a une action identique
• EITHER / NEITHER (un élément parmi deux) + dénombrable singulier
ex : You can eat a spider or a slug. Either choice will be fun to watch ! → l'un ou l'autre
Neither creature will be nice to eat. (aucune) → ni l'un ni l'autre
OR
Either Ø will be fun to watch ! / Neither Ø will be nice to eat.
L'un ou l'autre Aucun
She didn't like either creature. / She likes neither creature. / She didn't like neither creature.
• Conjonctions
Both Tom and Jerry are stupid.
Neither Tom nor Jerry are very clever. (Ni... ni...)
Either Tom or Jerry will win. (Soit... soit...)
• MOST (la plupart)
MOST + dénombrable pluriel / indénombrable
ex : Most Ø Americans voted for George Bush in 2001.
Most Ø Software is unreliable.
Most OF THE Americans i know are quite intelligent.
Most of Americans... Most the Americans...
• MUCH / MANY / A LOT OF (grande quantité)
> Phrases affirmatives : LOTS OF / A LOT OF
ex : There are lots of cars / a lot of cars outside. (nom pluriel, verbe au pluriel).
There is lots of money / a lot of money here. (nom indénombrable, verbe au singulier).
> Phrases affirmatives : MANY possible, MUCH
MANY = dénombrable pluriel
MUCH = indénombrable singulier
ex : There are many cars outside. / There is much money here.
> Phrases affirmatives avec SO et TOO :
ex : There are SO MANY cars outside. / There is SO MUCH money here.
> Phrases négatives / interrogatives : MUCH, MANY
Ex : You don't have many friends.
Did you drink much vodka last night ?
• A FEW / A LITTLE (petite quantité)
A FEW + dénombrable / A LITTLE + indénombrable
ex : I have a few pets.
I have a little money.
I have a little dog / little dogs. (size here).
• Ø FEW / A FEW
ex : I can buy myself a hotdog : I've got a few dollars / a little money.
I can't buy myself a hotdog : I have Ø few dollars / Ø little money.
• SO / TOO + FEW, LITTLE (idée négative renforcée)
ex : There is SO little time for parties.
There were TOO few customers in this shop. It closed down.
• SOME / ANY
Tableau valeur quantitative
Tableau valeur qualitative
Valeur qualitative
Dans cet emploi, avec Indénimbrables + Dénombrables
SOME
ANY
Existence d'un élémet dont on ignore les caractéristiques :
There must be some reason.
Valeur appréciative : She's some girl !
Peut être négatif ou positif (= cette fille, c'est quelque chose!)
Indifférence (n'importe lequel/laquelle)
Ex : She could solve any problem.
* Avec de l'indénombrable singulier que s'il est possible de distinguer différents types :
Any wine will do with this meat. =/ Any money will be useful.
Récapitulatif
SOME
ANY
Indéfinition :
- I've got to buy some shoes. (un certain nombre, supérieur à 0 mais non précisé → quantité)
- I'll meet him some time next week. (A un moment donné, sans précision → qualité)
Absence de choix :
- Did you receive any messages from him ?
FINISH HERE
Quand la quantité est précise le terme est invariable.
* 2 billion men / Seventy thousand books...
* Hundreds of pilgrims left Europe for America.
Quantité approximative → variable (et pas de of).
* Thirty thousand people =/ thirty thousand of people
* Three dozen eggs = trois douzaines d'oeufs =/ three dozens OF eggs
* Les 10 premiers jours =/ the ten first days → the first ten days.
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