L'adjectif

 L'adjectif (p.52-57)

 > Structures pré-nominale et post-verbale

This is a nice jacket. / She's nice.

Tom is impatient. / Tom dated an impatient girl.

The general, old and defeated, called back his troops.

> Adjectifs pré-nominaux (éphithètes)

I like flowers. → définir une sous-catéforie : I like red flowers.

> Ordre des adjectifs : TACOM : Taille/Age/Couleur/Origine/Matière

They met a boring young medical student.

He was carrying a big blue metal table.

Last year, she bought a recent German car.

Sous-catégorie au même niveau : AND → A zebra had black and white stripes.

Les adjectifs de nature différentes s'accumulent : Virgule → I was a short, intensive trip.

> How, what, so, such

• How great a concert it was !

• What a great concert it was !

• It was so great a concert.

• It was such a great concert.

> Post-verbal

• The mountain is high.

• Some giraffes were asleep.

* Les adjectifs qui ne peuvent être qu'attribus commencent souvent par a.

Some asleep giraffes woke up. Ne peut être utilisé comme épithète → Some sleeping giraffes...

A l'exception de par exemple : anxious, angry,...

Mais aussi ceux qui sont des contraires : typical / atypical

* Ou décrivent un état de santé ou une humeur :

The secretary is ill. The ill secretary stayed at home.

Exception : The sick secretary stayed at home.

• The trip was long and exhausting.

• The trip was long but fascinating.

> La place de l'adjectif peut changer le sens.

• I found grammar classes fascinating.

= I found that grammar classes were fascinating.

≠ I found fascinating grammar classes.

• The late President was a good administrator.

≠ The President is once against late.

• Excited and happy, the winners received their medals.

• The winners, excited and happy, received their medals.

• The winners received their medals, excited and happy.

• The winners, happy, received their medals.*

• Slighly uneasy, Mark and Mary prefered to decline the invitation.

• These strange dogs are amazing !

• These dogs are strange !

• These stranges dogs...* → toujours invariable !

• This woman is 60 years old. → She is a sixty year old woman.

> Chaque adjectif sa préposition...

• She is afraid of snakes.

• Her mother was very angry with her.

• He is very interested in cooking.

• Theyre were bound to fail their exam.

• She was opposed to opening the letter.

• She was extremelly ambitious.

> Préfixe :

Unhappy / disgraceful / pseudo-artistic / supernatural

> Suffixe :

Nom + -y : rainy, fishy

Nom + -less : tasteless, careless

Nom + -ful : beautiful, careful

Nom + -ly = adjectif : friendly

Adjectif + -ly = adverbe : nicely

> -ic ≠ -ical

Economic, economical / historic, historical,...

> Adjectifs formés à partir de verbes

• This man is very interesting. Cet homme est très intéressant.

≠ This man is very interested. Cet homme est très intéressé.

> Adjectifs composés :

• Adj. Ou Nom + Adjectif : This restaurant is child-friendly.

• Adj. Ou Adv. Ou Nom + V-ING :

Her brother is a good-looking man.

This is a heart-breaking story.

• Ad. Ou Adv Ou Nom + PARTICIPE PASSE : His girlfriend was heart-broken.

• Adh ou Adv. Ou Nom Ou Participe passé + NOM -ED : His daughter is a blue-eyed girl.

> Adjectif substantivé = utilisé comme nom.

• Toujours invariables : the poor / the dead...

Ex : The Irish sometimes drink too much.

• Exception : The Blacks asked for Civil rights in the 1960s. A force d'être utilisé comme nom.